A Geographical Indication (GI) is an intellectual property right that identifies products as originating from a specific region, area, or country, where their distinctive qualities, reputation, or other characteristics are essentially attributable to that geographic origin.
Under Turkish law (Industrial Property Law No. 6769), products resulting from the combination of natural and human factors—such as food, agricultural, mineral, handicraft, and industrial products—may benefit from protection as geographical indications if they meet the statutory requirements and are registered.
Geographical indications serve to guarantee the authenticity and quality of products, prevent misleading uses, and promote regional development. They are broadly categorized into three types:
This term refers to products whose essential qualities or characteristics are exclusively or essentially due to the natural and human factors of the geographic area where they are produced, processed, and prepared. The entire production process must occur within the designated area.
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Similar to appellation of origin, this designation indicates a product whose quality, reputation, or other features are linked to its geographic origin, but only requires that at least one stage of production, processing, or preparation take place in the region.
Unlike appellation or designation of origin, TSG does not require a link to a geographic area. Instead, it protects traditional character, either in the composition or production method, which has been established through consistent use over at least thirty years.
According to Article 35 of the Industrial Property Law, certain names cannot be registered as geographical indications. Names that do not qualify as GIs, or that could mislead consumers about the true origin,such as certain plant species or animal breeds, are excluded. Names violating public order or morality are also barred. Furthermore, names not protected or no longer in use in their home country, as well as names confusingly similar to existing registered GIs, cannot be registered to prevent consumer deception.
These rules ensure the integrity and trustworthiness of geographical indications while protecting consumers and producers alike.
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